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掲載誌:Movement Disorders
ライセンス: CC BY 対象: 公開論文 確認元: OpenAlex
研究の目的
レム睡眠行動障害は、夢を見ている時期の睡眠(レム睡眠)中に、夢の内容に合わせて体が動いてしまう病気です。ほかの神経の病気がないのにこの症状だけがある状態を「孤発性レム睡眠行動障害(iRBD)」と呼びます。iRBDは、αシヌクレインというたんぱく質の異常が関わる神経変性疾患(αシヌクレイノパチー)の前段階にあたる場合があるとされています。αシヌクレイノパチーにはパーキンソン病などが含まれます。
これまでの研究から、植物性食品を中心とした食事パターンなど、普段の食事がαシヌクレイノパチーのなりやすさと関連することが示されてきました。一方、その前段階にあるiRBDの患者で、食事がどんな役割を持ち、腸内細菌とどう関係しているのかは分かっていませんでした。そこで研究チームは、iRBD患者の食事パターンと腸内細菌の乱れとの関係、さらに食事が神経変性の進行とどう関わるかを、時間を追って調べました。
調べた方法
研究チームは、iRBD患者287人と、年齢と性別をそろえた対照者208人を集めました。参加者の食事の傾向は、食品をどのくらいの頻度で食べるかを尋ねる質問票をもとに、「植物性食事指数」という点数で評価しました。この指数には、健康的とされる植物性食品を重視するものと、精製された穀物や甘い物・甘味料など不健康とされる植物性食品を対象にするものがあります。
また、456人については、便に含まれる細菌の遺伝子をまとめて読み取る方法で腸内細菌を詳しく調べ、食事との関係を分析しました。iRBD患者は中央値で4.2年間追跡され、その間に45人(15.7%)がαシヌクレイノパチーへ移行しました。食事と病気の進行との関連は、時間の経過に沿って発症のしやすさを比べる統計手法で評価しました。
主な結果
論文によると、iRBD患者は対照者に比べて健康的な植物性食事指数が低く(調整オッズ比0.48、95%信頼区間0.29〜0.80)、精製穀物や甘い物、甘味料といった不健康な植物性食品を多くとっていました。
食事と腸内細菌の関係を分析すると、iRBDに関連する腸内細菌の84.3%に食事との関連が見られました。たとえば、健康的な植物性食事指数の高さと、Clostridium sp. AF20-17LBという細菌が一緒に見られる傾向がありました。
追跡調査では、4つの食事要因と、iRBDに関連する5種類の腸内細菌が、神経変性の進行と関連していました。特に、コーヒーを多く飲む人では、αシヌクレイノパチーへ移行するリスクが低いという関連が報告されています(調整ハザード比0.30、95%信頼区間0.11〜0.78)。さらに、不健康な植物性食事指数と、認知症の症状が先に現れる形での移行との関連の一部を、iRBD患者に多く見られたRuthenibacterium lactatiformansという細菌が統計的に仲立ちしている可能性が示されました。
研究が示すこと
著者らは、iRBD患者の普段の食事は腸内細菌の乱れと関連しており、神経変性の進行を予測する手がかりになると結論づけています。また、食事と腸内細菌の相互作用は、αシヌクレイノパチーの前段階で働きかけられる可能性のある対象だと位置づけています。ただし、今回示されたのは関連であり、特定の食品や細菌が進行を防いだり引き起こしたりすることを直接確かめたものではありません。
原著論文の著者・所属:Suyi Xie(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Yuhua Yang(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Shi Tang(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Li Zhou(Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Jing Wang(Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Joey W.Y. Chan(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Brian Or(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Ningning Li(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Siyi Gong(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Zhixuan He(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Jianzhang Ni(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Yaping Liu(Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Jihui Zhang(Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Paul K.S. Chan(Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Zigui Chen(Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Sunny Hei Wong(Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore)、Vincent C.T. Mok(Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Margaret K.L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Ngan Yin Chan(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Steven W.H. Chau(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Yun Kwok Wing(Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)、Bei Huang(Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China)
※本記事は原著論文をもとに、日本語で要約・説明を加えた研究紹介です。 出典(原著論文):Suyi Xie, Yuhua Yang, Shi Tang, et al. Habitual Diet, Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis, and α‐Synucleinopathy Conversion in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement ( REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder. Movement Disorders 2026-10-16. DOI: 10.1002/mds.70562. 原著ライセンス:CC BY.